by Sally K. Church

The trade goods are listed below by category, i.e. incense or textiles. It is often difficult to distinguish between trade goods and products that are simply produced locally. Any given item could be either one or both at different times. They are both combined together here.

Textiles & Clothing

beibo
bi cloth
cheli
doule
hemp-silk
kaoni
kerchiefs
manzheti
mahmal (cotton velvet)
sakallat
sanah-baf
shata'er (chautar)
silk
xinbaiqindali
woollens

Incense & Scent

aloes
ambergris
beeswax
benzoin
Sweet benzoin
camphor
dammar
dragon's blood
frankincense
jinyin incense
lakawood
liquid storax
luohe su incense
musk
myrrh
qielan incense
rose-water
sandalwood (white)
sindarus (gum sandarac)
sinking incense
su incense (yellow su incense)

Food Products

almond (badam)
apples
barley and wheat
coconut
dates
durian
ge root
gourd-melons
jack-fruit
jiaozhang wine
lime
litchi
loquat
lotus seed-case
mangjishi
mango
mangosteen
mubiezi (momordica)
rice
sago
sweet greens
xiao pear

Gems & Precious Stones, Jewellry

amber
cat's eyes
coral & coral beads
diamonds
fringe made of beads
pearls
mazgandi (garnet)
tortoise-shell

Spices & Flavourings

cardamoms
chaulmoogra seeds
garlic
ginger
nutmegs
pepper
turmeric

Animals

giraffes
ostriches

Animal Products & Fish

bonito fish
henbirds
kingfisher feathers
sea liu fish

Medicines & Drugs

areca nut (betel-leaf, binlang)
cantharides
mubiezi seeds (momordica)
rhinoceros horn
sulphur

Plant Products (not food)

jiaozhang leaves
magnolia flower
liana nodes
rose-wood
sandalwood (red)
sapan-wood

Metals

copper coins
flower tin
gold coins
luogu stone
silver coins
steel
tin

Ceramics & Manufactured Goods

porcelain
mats
spectacles

Art Objects

archers' rings

Weapons

bulatou (dagger)

See J. V. G. Mills, Ma Huan, Ying-yai Sheng-lan, "The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores," [1433], Hakluyt Society (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1970).