The Ming Voyages

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The Ming Voyages -- Primary Sources

(Travellers | Cities | Routes | Trade Goods | Themes)


In English:

The main source in English for the voyages is: J. V. G. Mills, Ma Huan, Ying-yai Sheng-lan, "The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores," [1433], Hakluyt Society (Cambridge,England: Cambridge University Press, 1970), which contains a study and a complete translation of Ma Huan's travel account.

In Chinese:

The Three Accounts by staff members on the Voyages

Ma Huan's Yingyai shenglan
Fei Xin's Xingcha shenglan
Gong Zhen's Xiyang fanguo zhi
Anonymous Itinerary, "Down to the Western Oceans" (Xia Xiyang 下西洋)

Inscriptions

About the Inscriptions
Liujiajiang Inscription
Changle Inscription
Jinghai Temple Inscription in Nanjing
Ceylon Inscription
Inscription at Muslim Cemetery, Xi'an
Inscription at Muslim Cemetery, Quanzhou

Information in the Histories

The Ming Shilu (Veritable Records)
The Ming Shi (Ming History)
Other Historical Records

Maps

The Mao Kun Map


 

The Ming Voyages